Vimal Rau Aparow

Contact

• workRoom DB 22 Block D
  Malaysia Campus
  Jalan Broga
  43500 Semenyih
  Selangor Darul Ehsan
  Malaysia
• work+6 (03) 8725 3625
• Vimal.Rau@nottingham.edu.my

Biography

Ir. Ts. Dr. Vimal Rau Aparow received his BEng and MSc in the Department of Automotive, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). He has completed his PhD in Mechanical Engineering (Automotive) Department in Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM). Then, he joined in Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, (NTU) Singapore as Postdoctoral Research for one of the NTU projects known as CETRAN. In CETRAN, his research works mainly focus on development and testing the behavior of the autonomous vehicle in simulation platform various testing conditions. Currently, he is working as Assistant Professor at Department of Electrical and Electronic, University of Nottingham Malaysia (UNM). He is certified Professional Engineer (PEng) and ASEAN Chartered Professional Engineer (ACPE) under Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM), Chartered Engineer approved by UK Engineering Council under Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) board and certified Professional Technologist under Malaysian Board of Technologist (MBOT). He is also a Corporate Member under Institution of Engineers Malaysia (MIEM). He also has been awarded with SG Academies South-East Asia Fellowship (SASEAF) Programme by Singapore National Academy of Science (SNAS) for research project focusing on validation of virtual safety testing of autonomous vehicle at CETRAN, Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, (NTU), Singapore. He is one of the Technical Lead for Autonomous Vehicle (AV) virtual safety testing to support for the CETRAN's research grant called LTA's Grant Call for Urban Mobility Solutions. He is also recognized as one of the member of Young Scientists Network under Academy of Science Malaysia (YSN-ASM) for his research contributions.

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RESEARCH GROUP

• Lead Researcher for Automated Vehicle Engineering System (AVES) Research Group
• Co - Researcher for Drones and Robotics Research Group

ACADEMIC AWARDS

• 2019 Research Publication Award
• 2021 Teaching Excellence Awards
• 2021 Dean's Special Commendations
• 2021 FOSE Research Excellence Award
• 2021 Professional Outreach and External Engagement Awards
• 2022 Private Education Excellence Awards 2022 - National Outstanding Young Researcher Award (Finalist)
• 2022 Academy of Sciences Malaysia - Young Scientists Network under Academy of Science Malaysia (YSN-ASM)

INVITED SPEAKER

• Safety Testing of Autonomous Vehicle in Malaysia - MBOT Thursday Webinar 2022
• Scenario Based Simulation Testing of Autonomous Vehicle Using Virtual Testing Platform - IEM Webinar 2022
• Scenario-Based Simulation Testing of Autonomous Vehicle for Malaysian Road And Traffic Environment - 2nd UNITED - SAIG Conference 2022
• Scenario-Based Simulation Testing of Autonomous Vehicle for Malaysian Environment - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and Computer Applications

PRESENTER AND PANELIST

• Development of Co-Simulation Based Driver-In-The-Loop Simulation Testing for Level 3 and 4 Autonomous Vehicle - MyTECH Pitch 2021
• Scenario Based Safety Assessment for Autonomous Vehicle Using Human-Machine-Interface - MyTECH Pitch 2022
• Scenario-Based Safety Assessment of Automated Vehicle using Malaysian Environment via Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) - Supercharger Series: "Supercharging Your Commercialisation Potential organized by MRANTI
• Invitation as Expert Panel by Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) for "VEHICLE FORENSICS INVESTIGATION - MODERN CARS & PUBLIC SAFETY"
• Invitation for workshop as panelist by Futurise with collaboration of Ministry of Transport Malaysia for "AV PASSENGER SERVICE SAFETY GUIDELINE" to be implemented in the Guideline for Public Road Trials of Autonomous Vehicles

RESEARCH AWARDS

MyBrain 15 Scholarship, Malaysia

• MyMaster Award
• MyPhD Award

Malaysian Technology Expo (MTE) 2013:

• Brake-By-Wire Using Electronic Wedge Brake - Bronze Medal

Defence Security and Sustainability Exhibition 2015

• Electronic Wedge Torque Coupler for Parallel Hybrid Vehicle -Bronze Medal

EUREKA Innovation Exhibition UniKL MSI 2016

• Firing-On-the-Move Actuator System - Silver Medal
• Rollover Warning System - Silver Medal

Malaysian Technology Expo (MTE) 2017

• Electronic Wedge Torque Coupler for Parallel Hybrid Vehicle - Silver Medal
• Firing-On-the-Move System using Active Front Wheel Steering actuator- Bronze Medal

PECIPTA 2017

• Firing-On-the-Move (FOM) System - Gold Medal

UPNM 5th INNOVATION AWARD DAY 2019

• Anugerah Kualiti TNC (Akademik dan Antarabangsa) - Best PhD Award

Virtual Innovation Competition AiNEX 2021:

• Virtual Safety Assessment of Automated Vehicle using Malaysian Road and Traffic Environment - Gold Medal and 2^nd Runner-Up Best University Category

International Invention, Innovation & Design Expo (INoDEx 2021):

• Driver in The Loop Simulation Testing for Level 3 Autonomous Vehicle - Gold Medal

International Virtual Expo of Innovation Product and System Design 2021 (In-ViDE 2021):

• Safety Testing of Autonomous Vehicle using Vehicle Driving Platform for Malaysian Environment - Silver Medal

Malaysia Technology Expo (MTE) 2022:

• Safety Assessment Of Advanced Driving Assistance System Based Level 3 Autonomous Vehicle Using Human-in-the-loop Interface - Silver Medal

CREATIONS-de-UiTM 2022

• Safety Testing of Level 3 Autonomous Vehicle with Human-in-the-Loop Interface - Silver Medal

The Innovative Research, Invention and Application Exhibition (i-RIA) 2022

• Scenario Based Testing of Autonomous Emergency Braking System using Vehicle Dynamic Simulator - Gold Medal and Special Award i-Ria 2022 under IEEE System, Man, And Cybernetics Society Malaysia Chapter (IEEE SMC)

ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS:

1. Director of Mechatronics Engineering Programme, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - January 2019 till August 2022

2. Industrial Training Coordinator, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - January 2019 till June 2022

3. Accreditation Team, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, January 2020 till October 2022.

Expertise Summary

His research mainly focus on active safety system for passenger and heavy vehicles such as active braking system, active steering system, active disturbance rejection system for passenger and heavy vehicle, hybrid vehicle and autonomous vehicle. His recent research interests also include in vehicle modeling, brake modeling, system identifications, intelligent control system for vehicle active system, 3D virtual test driving for ground autonomous vehicle as well as testing the autonomous vehicle system using hardware-in-the-loop and vehicle-in-the-loop simulations platform.

Teaching Summary

Current Modules:

1. Smart Vehicle Control System
2. Control System and System Dynamics
3. Electronic Processing Robotics

Past Modules:

1. Advanced Control System Design
2. Advanced Control System Design with Project
3. Robotics, Dynamics and Control
4. Mechatronics Laboratory

Research Summary

RESEARCH EXPERTISE

His primary research area mainly focus on the autonomous vehicle for passenger vehicle and commercial vehicle application. His research focus mainly on the 3D virtual test driving for ground autonomous vehicle as well as testing the autonomous vehicle system using hardware-in-the-loop and vehicle-in-the-loop simulations platform. His secondary research area focus on the autonomous robots and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) application using drones

CURRENT RESEARCH GRANTS:

1. ASEAN NCAP Collaborative Holistic Research (ANCHOR IV) 2022

• Awarded MYR 25,800.00 amount of grant for 1 year of research focusing on Scenario-Based Safety Assessment Framework for Autonomous Emergency Braking System using Malaysian Roads - Principal Investigator

2. Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) 2022

• Awarded MYR 99,000.00 amount of grant for 2 years of research focusing on Optimizing Lateral Skyhook Dampers of Adaptive Rollover Prevention System for High Deck Vehicle due to Lateral Impact - Principal Investigator

3. Yayasan Tun Ismail Professional Chair Programme (YTIPCP) Grant 2021

• Awarded MYR 265,700.00 amount of grant for 2 years of research focusing on virtual safety testing of autonomous vehicle for Malaysian environment - Principal Investigator

4. Collaborative Research Grant 2021

• Awarded MYR 10,000.00 amount of grant for 2 years of research in the field Firing impact stability enhancement for armoured vehicle by lead by National Defense University of Malaysia, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation and Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia - Appointed as one of the Principal Investigator

5. Short Term Research Grant (2021) National Defense University of Malaysia

• Awarded university grant of MYR 20,000.00 for 2 years of research in the field of Active Lower Arm System for Automotive Passive Suspension - Appointed as Co-Investigator

6. Fundamental Research Grant (2021) under Malaysian Government

• Awarded FRGS grant with total grant of MYR 100,000.00 for a project on automated guide scaled armoured vehicle - Appointed as Co-Investigator
• Awarded FRGS grant with total grant of MYR 154,250.00 for a project on active bumper system using Magneto Rheological Elastomer -Appointed as Co-Investigator

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Singapore National Academy of Science (SNAS) 2022

• SG Academies South-East Asia Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme 2022 at Energy Research Institute@NTU (ERI@N) for project related on Safety Validation of Virtual Testing of Autonomous Vehicle - Fellow

Recent Publications

• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, RASSEM, OMAR, ATMAJA, COLIN REI and AHMAD, FAUZI, 2022. Virtual Simulation Testing of Formula Student Vehicles in Sepang Circuit Using Internal Combustion Engine and Electrical Powertrains
• CHEOK, JUN HONG, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, NENG, JUNO NG ZHI, CHEAH, JIAN LEE and LEONG, DICKSON, 2022. Development and Optimization of Formation Flying for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles SAE International Journal of Aerospace. 15(01-15-02-0011),
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU and LUN, LOK TZE, 2022. Active Front Wheel Steering System using Yaw Rate Estimation based Fuzzy Logic Due to Various Lateral Wind Disturbance International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 19(2), 9834-9858
• MANOHARAN, AARUTHTHIRAN, BEGAM, KM, APAROW, VIMAL RAU and SOORIAMOORTHY, DENESH, 2022. Artificial Neural Networks, Gradient Boosting and Support Vector Machines for electric vehicle battery state estimation: A review Journal of Energy Storage. 55, 105384

• View all publications

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU)

• Successfully signed for MOU with Malaysian Institute of Road Safety (MIROS) for research related on safety assessment of autonomous vehicles

RESEARCH COLLABORATION AWARD (RCA)

• Successfully signed for RCA with National Defense University of Malaysia, Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation and Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia for research related on global improvement of armoured vehicle.
• Successfully signed for RCA with Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB) for research related to safety testing of autonomous vehicle

NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT (NDA)

• Successfully established research collaboration with University of Surrey, UK for safety assessment of autonomous vehicles.
• Successfully established research collaboration with TU Delft, Netherlands for unmanned vehicle research.
• Successfully established research collaboration with Garuda Robotics Sdn. Bhd. for research related to unmanned aerial vehicles.
• Successfully established research collaboration with Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology (SLIET) for research related to automated and unmanned vehicles.
• Successfully established research collaboration with eMooVit Sdn. Bhd. for research related to safety testing of autonomous vehicles.

CURRENT SUPERVISIONS:

Doctoral Students

1. Cheok Jun Hong (PhD) - Driver Prediction Model for an autonomous vehicle using deep learning algorithm based on Malaysian traffic environment
2. Aaruthiran Manoharan (PhD) - Performance Evaluation of Novel Power Control Unit for Electric Vehicle using Virtual Driving Simulator
3. Wong Jun Xuan (PhD - Part time) - Development of Dual Robotic arm with a Mobile Platform for Home Application
4. Lee Kah Onn (PhD) - Safety Assessment of Collision Avoidance in Lateral and Longitudinal Dynamics for Automated Vehicles in urban area

Undergraduate Final Year Students

1. Tiong Kai Yen - Driver Behavior Model for Level 3 Automated Vehicle Driving in Longitudinal Direction
2. Ng Yuan Weun - Target Prediction Using Sensor Fusion Algorithm for Level 3 Automated Driving Vehicle in Urban Area
3. Lee Chen Hong - Human-Machine-Interface design analysis for Level 3 automated vehicle driving
4. Tan Khai Jun - Modeling and control design of multi-DOF motion platform for vehicle driving simulator
5. Wu, Chang Long - Development of Rollover Prediction System for Commercial Vehicle due to Unwanted Lateral Disturbance

Undergraduate Group Project Students

• Alex Au Yong Lup Wai, Kuan Wei Kai, Adrian Lim Chee Xuan and Yau Kai Zhi - Design and development of a scaled dual robotic manipulator using mobile platform

PREVIOUS SUPERVISIONS:

MSc Students

1. Henry Siew Sheng Hoong - Adaptive Cruise Control of a Passenger Vehicle in Longitudinal Direction

Undergraduate Final Year Students

1. Cheok Jun Hong - Real-time Human Search and Monitoring System Using Unmanned Aerial vehicle
2. Cheah Wu Han - Modelling and Control Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle For Stabilization and Trajectory Control
3. Lok Tze Lun - Development of Active Front Wheel Steering System for Passenger Vehicle due to Side Wind Force Disturbance
4. Ng Jun Wen - Development of active suspension system for passenger vehicle to improve the ride and stability performance
5. Desmond Kai - Adaptive Cruise Control for Hybrid Electric Vehicle in Longitudinal Direction
6. Juno Ng Zhi Neng - Model-in-the-loop Simulation of Electronic Throttle Body Position Control
7. Teoh Ming Choon - Modelling and Control of Anti-Lock Braking System using Non-Linear Passenger Vehicle in Longitudinal Direction
8. Abhinav Lahiri - Modelling and Control of an Active Idle Stop System during an Uphill Driving Condition using a Vehicle Longitudinal Model
9. Voormila Nithiananda Naidu - Modelling and trajectory control of a non-linear commercial vehicle using a predefined trajectory
10. Tan Jing Pei - Safety assessment of collision avoidance system (CAS) using steering mechanism to avoid vehicle rear-end collision
11. Bonnie Lu - Safety assessment of automated emergency braking system to avoid forward collision due to pedestrian motion
12. Wong Xuan Jie - Safety Assessment of Automated Highway Lane Change System for Passenger Vehicle to Minimize the Road Accidents
13. Ooi Zhen Zhao - Simulation based evaluation of forward collision warning system for two wheeler bike dynamic to avoid frontal collision
14. Lee Kah Onn - Experimental evaluation of point-to-point object deliveries using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on hexacopter design with robotic manipulator

Undergraduate Group Project Students

• Cheok Jun Hong, Juno Ng Zhi Neng, Cheah Jian Lee and Leong Dickson - Flying Formation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Particle Swarm Optimization based on Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles
• Ng Yuan Weun, Chai Chee Huei, Lee Chen Hong and Tiong Kai Yen - Development of Co-Simulation Based Driver-In-The-Loop Interface Using Vehicle Driving Simulator Platform

Past Research

His past research focus on the development of active braking system using brake-by-wire technology. He also develop and investigates on the electromechanical brake system using wedge mechanism which is controlled using brake-by-wire technology. The proposed electromechanical brake is tested in a vehicle model to develop an Anti-Lock Braking System to further improve the performance of braking system in order to replace conventional hydraulic brake system.

He also explore his research interest in the development of Active Idle Stop (AIS) system for passenger vehicle system which is used to improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle when traveling uphill. The AIS function is developed mainly to improve the drawback in the existing vehicle system when driving uphill. Vehicles face unwanted deceleration and rollback when they are started on an incline.

• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, RASSEM, OMAR, ATMAJA, COLIN REI and AHMAD, FAUZI, 2022. Virtual Simulation Testing of Formula Student Vehicles in Sepang Circuit Using Internal Combustion Engine and Electrical Powertrains
• CHEOK, JUN HONG, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, NENG, JUNO NG ZHI, CHEAH, JIAN LEE and LEONG, DICKSON, 2022. Development and Optimization of Formation Flying for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles SAE International Journal of Aerospace. 15(01-15-02-0011),
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU and LUN, LOK TZE, 2022. Active Front Wheel Steering System using Yaw Rate Estimation based Fuzzy Logic Due to Various Lateral Wind Disturbance International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 19(2), 9834-9858
• MANOHARAN, AARUTHTHIRAN, BEGAM, KM, APAROW, VIMAL RAU and SOORIAMOORTHY, DENESH, 2022. Artificial Neural Networks, Gradient Boosting and Support Vector Machines for electric vehicle battery state estimation: A review Journal of Energy Storage. 55, 105384
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU and HOONG, HENRY SIEW SHENG, 2021. Evaluation of MRAC based Adaptive Cruise Control for Semi-Autonomous Vehicle using Virtual Simulation Platform In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 012023
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, RAHMAT, MOHD SABIRIN, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD and AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, 2021. System configuration of instrumented half-scaled armoured vehicle to enhance handling performance due to lateral firing impact International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems. 9(1), 21-29
• AARUTHTHIRAN, MANOHARAN, BEGAM, K. M., APAROW, VIMAL RAU and SOORIAMOORTHY, DENESH, 2021. Performance Analysis on Artificial Neural Network Based State of Charge Estimation for Electric Vehicles In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence Systems (IoTaIS). 176-182
• HONG, CHEOK JUN and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2021. System configuration of Human-in-the-loop Simulation for Level 3 Autonomous Vehicle using IPG CarMaker In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence Systems (IoTaIS). 215-221
• VIMAL RAU APAROW, CHEOK JUN HONG, NG YUAN WEUN, CHAI CHEE HUEI, TIONG KAI YEN and LEE CHEN HONG, 2021. Scenario based Simulation Testing of Autonomous Vehicle using Malaysian Road In: 2021 5th International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing (ICVISP).
• VIMAL RAU APAROW, CHEOK JUN HONG and ZULKIFFLI ABD. KADIR, 2021. Virtual Safety Testing Framework for Automated Vehicle in Urban Environment using Malaysian Road Networks In: 3rd Conference of ASEAN Road Safety 2021 (CARS 2021). (In Press.)
• SOBRI, NORMIDATUL SALWA, BAHARUDDIN, DHIAZUL ZAQRIE, HANIFFAH, NUR AKMAL, ABD KADIR, ZULKIFFLI, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2021. Assessment of Various Additives in Magnetorheological-Elastomer for Impact Applications In: 2021 IEEE 9th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC 2021). 80-85
• AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, ZAMZURI, HAIRI, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, ABIDIN, AMAR FAIZ ZAINAL, ABD KADIR, ZULKIFFLI and MURRAD, MUHAMAD, 2020. Knowledge-Based Controller Optimised with Particle Swarm Optimisation for Adaptive Path Tracking Control of an Autonomous Heavy Vehicle. In: Automation and Control IntechOpen.
• YUSSOF, MUHAMAD AFIQ MOHD, AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, ABD KADIR, ZULKIFFLI, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, ADNAN, MUHAMMAD NADWI HAKIMI and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2020. Modeling and Verification of Truck Handling Model due to Steering Wheel Input In: 2020 16th IEEE International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA). 131-135
• ADNAN, MUHAMMAD NADWI HAKIMI, ABD KADIR, ZULKIFFLI, AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, YUSSOF, MUHAMAD AFIQ MOHD and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2020. Development and Verification of a 3-DOF Trailer Model for Truck Vehicles In: 2020 16th IEEE International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA). 120-125
• APAROW, VR, HUDHA, K, KADIR, ZA, AMER, NH and MURRAD, M, 2019. Firing-on-the-move stability system for armoured vehicle: design and optimisation of disturbance rejection control to reject recoil force International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems. 26(5), 599-627
• AMER, NH, HUDHA, K, ZAMZURI, H, APAROW, VR, KADIR, ZA and ABIDIN, AFZ, 2019. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of trajectory following control for a light armoured vehicle optimised with particle swarm optimisation International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems. 26(5), 663-691
• VR APAROW, A CHOUDARY, G KULANDAIVELU, T WEBSTER, J DAUWELS, N DE BOER, 2019. A Comprehensive Simulation Platform for Testing Autonomous Vehicles in 3D Virtual Environment In: 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Mechatronics System and Robots. 115-119
• AMER, NOOR, ZAMZURI, HAIRI, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, APAROW, VIMAL, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI and ABIDIN, AMAR, 2018. Path tracking controller of an autonomous armoured vehicle using modified Stanley controller optimized with particle swarm optimization Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 40(2), 1-17
• AHMAD, F, HUDHA, K, MAZLAN, SA, JAMALUDDIN, H, APAROW, VR and YUNOS, MR M, 2018. Simulation and experimental investigation of vehicle braking system employing a fixed caliper based electronic wedge brake SIMULATION. 94(4), 327-340
• AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, ZAMZURI, HAIRI, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, ABIDIN, AMAR FAIZ ZAINAL, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD and MURRAD, MUHAMAD, 2018. Adaptive modified Stanley controller with fuzzy supervisory system for trajectory tracking of an autonomous armoured vehicle Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 105, 94-111
• RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM ABD, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD, AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2018. Modelling and validation of a novel continuously variable transmission system using slider crank mechanism International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation. 10(1), 49-61
• KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH and MURRAD, MUHAMAD, 2018. Modeling and Implementation of Yaw Disturbance Rejection Control for an Instrumented Armoured Vehicle to Minimize the Effect of Unwanted Recoil Force In: 2018 57th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). 1538-1543
• AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, ZAMZURI, HAIRI, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, ABIDIN, ARNAR FAIZ ZAINAL, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD and MURRAD, MUHAMAD, 2018. Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Controller for an Armoured Vehicle: Hardware-in-the-Ioop Simulation In: 2018 57th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). 462-467
• MITRA, PALLAVI, CHOUDHURY, APRATIRN, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, KULANDAIVELU, GIRIDHARAN and DAUWELS, JUSTIN, 2018. Towards Modeling of Perception Errors in Autonomous Vehicles In: 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). 3024-3029
• AHMAD, FAUZI, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, MAZLAN, SAIFUL AMRI, JAMALUDDIN, HISHAMUDDIN, ZAMZURI, HAIRI, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2017. Modelling and Control of a Fixed Calliper-Based Electronic Wedge Brake. Strojniski Vestnik/Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 63(3),
• MANSOR, MAZUAN, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD, AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2017. Modelling and optimisation of active front wheel steering system control for armoured vehicle for firing disturbance rejection International Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems. 13(4), 306-329
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, AHMAD, MEGAT MOHAMAD HAMDAN MEGAT and ABDULLAH, SHOHAIMI, 2017. Development of estimated disturbance rejection feedback for an armoured vehicle using active front wheel steering International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems. 7(3), 134-143
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD, AHMAD, MEGAT MOHAMAD HAMDAN MEGAT and ABDULLAH, SHOHAIMI, 2016. Modeling, Validation, and Control of Electronically Actuated Pitman Arm Steering for Armored Vehicle International Journal of Vehicular Technology. 2016(2016),
• APAROW, VIMAL R, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI A, AMER, NOOR H, ABDULLAH, SHOHAIMI and MEGAT AHMAD, MEGAT MH, 2016. Identification of an optimum control algorithm to reject unwanted yaw effect on wheeled armored vehicle due to the recoil force Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 9(1),
• APAROW, V.R., HUDHA, K., AHMAD, M.M.H.M. and ABDULLAH, S., 2016. Development of firing on board system of an armored vehicle using Active Front Wheel Steering system In: 1709-1713
• AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, ZAMZURI, HAIRI, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD. and ZAINAL ABIDIN, AMAR FAIZ, 2016. Modelling and trajectory following of an armoured vehicle In: 1-6
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, KADIR, ZULKIFFLI ABD, MANSOR, MAZUAN and AMER, NOOR HAFIZAH, 2016. Model-in-the-loop simulation of electronically controlled pitman arm steering mechanism for armored vehicle In: 1-6
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, MOHAMAD, MEGAT, AHMAD, HAMDAN MEGAT, JAMALUDDIN, HISHAMUDDIN and BAHRU, UTM JOHOR, 2016. DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF A 9-DOF ARMORED VEHICLE MODEL IN THE LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL DIRECTIONS Jurnal Teknologi UTM. 78(6), 117-137
• RAHMAT, MOHD SABIRIN, AHMAD, FAUZI, MAT, AHMAD KAMAL, YAMIN, NOREFFENDY TAMALDINA, APAROW, VIMAL RAU, JAMALUDIN, HISHAMUDDIN, JAYA, HANG TUAH and KEROH, AYER, 2016. Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based On A Series Drive Train Layout Jurnal Teknologi, UTM. 78(6), 211-221
• APAROW, V.R., HUDHA, K., HAMDAN, M.M. and ABDULLAH, S., 2015. Study on dynamic performance of armoured vehicle in lateral direction due to firing impact Advances in Military Technology. 10(2), 5-20
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, AHMAD, MEGAT MOHAMAD HAMDAN MEGAT and ABDULLAH, SHOHAIMI, 2015. Active Front Wheel Steering System of 4×4 armored vehicle: Rejection of unwanted firing disturbance In: 69-74
• RAHMAT, MOHD SABIRIN, AHMAD, FAUZI, YAMIN, MAT, KAMAL, AHMAD, TAMALDIN, NOREFFENDY and APAROW, VIMAL RAU, 2015. Effectiveness of the Adaptive PID Controller for Traction Motor in Hybrid Electric Vehicles In: Applied Mechanics and Materials. 765-769
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, AHMAD, FAUZI and JAMALUDDIN, HISHAMUDDIN, 2015. Modeling and validation of electronic wedge brake mechanism for vehicle safety system Jurnal Teknologi, UTM. 75(1), 183-191
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, AHMAD, FAUZI and JAMALUDDIN, HISHAMUDDIN, 2014. Model-in-the-loop simulation of gap and torque tracking control using electronic wedge brake actuator International Journal of Vehicle Safety. 7(3-4), 390-408
• MOHD SABIRIN RAHMAT, FAUZI AHMAD, AHMAD KAMAL MAT YAMIN, VIMAL RAU APAROW and NOREFFENDY TAMALDIN, 2013. MODELLING AND TORQUE TRACKING CONTROL OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering. 7, 955-967
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, AHMAD, FAUZI, HUDHA, KHISBULLAH and JAMALUDDIN, HISHAMUDDIN, 2013. Modelling and PID control of antilock braking system with wheel slip reduction to improve braking performance International Journal of Vehicle Safety. 6(3), 265-296
• APAROW, VIMAL RAU, FAUZI, AHMAD, HASSAN, MUHAMMAD ZAHIR and HUDHA, KHISBULLAH, 2012. Development of antilock braking system based on various intelligent control system In: Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2394-2398