HANG RUAN, TOMAS MAUL, YIFAN CHEN, TISSA CHANDESA, IMAN YI LIAO, ZHIYUAN CHEN and MAN ZHOU, 2026. Unsupervised continual learning: A review of challenges, techniques, and evaluation metrics IEEE Access. CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, AHIMSA, AVICENA, NAUFAL, MAMMIDES, CHRISTOS, RAM, ASHOK, KSHETTRY, ARITRA, THU, WAI PHYO, AUNG, NYEIN, MAUL, TOMAS, SAABAN, SALMAN, GOOSSENS, BENOIT and OTHERS, 2026. Rising risk of elephant-caused human casualties in Tropical Asia
TEO, DESMOND KX, MAUL, TOMAS and TAN, MICHELLE TT, 2026. Exploring Adult Neurogenesis for Enhanced Neural Networks: Model Regularisation Approaches for Electrochemical Biosensor Data Electrochimica Acta. 148587
RUAN, HANG, MAUL, TOMAS, CHEN, YIFAN, CHANDESA, TISSA, LIAO, IMAN YI, CHEN, ZHIYUAN and ZHOU, MAN, 2026. Unsupervised continual learning: A review of challenges, techniques, and evaluation metrics IEEE Access.
CHIA, KWANG JERH, MAUL, TOMAS, CHEN, ZHIYUAN, JAUW, VERONICA LESTARI and YAP, YEE JIUN, 2026. Exploits and advances in dynamic neural networks Neural Computing and Applications. 38(13), 550
CHEN, QICHAO, CHEN, ZHIYUAN, MAUL, TOMAS, ZHOU, DECHENG, YANG, ZONGQUAN and WEN, JAMES ZHIQING, 2026. A Standardized Multi-Dimensional Evaluation Framework for Indoor Autonomous Service Robots In: 2026 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Control (AIRC). 205-210
VYAKARANAM, APARNA, RAMAYAH, BAVANI and MAUL, TOMAS, 2026. Usability and user experience of a speech emotion recognition system with and without hearing impaired educators International Journal of Speech Technology. 29(3), 65
LAU, ZHI LIN, LIEW, KIAN WAH, MAUL, TOMAS, TANG, DORIS YING YING, SHOW, PAU LOKE, CHEW, KIT WAYNE and YAP, YEE JIUN, 2026. Toward Smart Microalgae Cultivation: The Role of Machine Learning and Data Science Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 124818
CHEN, QICHAO, WU, YANQI, CHEN, ZHIYUAN, MAUL, TOMAS, ZHOU, DECHENG and WEN, JAMES ZHIQING, 2026. Calibrating Vision-Language Models for Out-of-Distribution Detection IEEE Signal Processing Letters.
MOHAMED NAZEEM, M. A, MAUL T and CHANDESA T, 2025. Arthropodia-V1: Biodiversity dataset for semantic segmentation, quality estimation, and observation extraction. In: International Conference on Advanced Research in Computing (ICARC 2025). Balangoda, Sri Lanka.
VYAKARANAM, A., MAUL, T. and RAMAYAH, B., 2025. Comparison of three hybrid architectures using 1D, 2D, and 3D CNNs for speech emotion recognition International Journal of Speech Technology. 28(3), 653-669 LOO, YEN YI, LEE, MEI YI, SHAHEED, SAMIEN, MAUL, TOMAS and CLINK, DENA JANE, 2025. Temporal patterns in Malaysian rainforest soundscapes demonstrated using acoustic indices and deep embeddings trained on time-of-day estimation The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 157(1), 1-16
AVICENA, NAUFAL RAHMAN, LOO, YEN YI, MAUL, TOMAS, THONG, NOAH, WONG, CHRISTOPHER CHAI THIAM, DE SILVA, SHERMIN, SAABAN, SALMAN and WONG, EE PHIN, 2025. Living with elephants: Deep learning models performance in examining Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) sounds from Sri Lanka and Malaysia with considerations for application Biological Conservation. 309, 111272
NG, ERNEST TZE-JIE, GOH, KAM MENG, MAUL, TOMÁS, NGUYEN, THANH-BINH and TAN, XIAO JIAN, 2025. Few-Shot Learning Based Speed Breaker Recognition using Siamese Networks International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research. 1-24
WAQAS, MUHAMMAD, MAUL, TOMAS, LIAO, IMAN YI and AHMED, AMR, 2025. Post Hoc Interpretability of Deep Learning Models for Breast Cancer Histopathological Images with Variational Autoencoders In: International Conference on Neural Information Processing. 91-104
SHAO, WEICHUANG, LIAO, IMAN YI, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE BODE and CHANDESA, TISSA, 2025. An Investigation of Test-time Adaptation for Audio Classification under Background Noise arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.15523.
VYAKARANAM, APARNA, MAUL, TOMAS and RAMAYAH, BAVANI, 2025. Comparison of three hybrid architectures using 1D, 2D, and 3D CNNs for speech emotion recognition International Journal of Speech Technology. 1-17
SHAO, WEICHUANG, LIAO, IMAN YI, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE BODE and CHANDESA, TISSA, 2025. AMAuT: A Flexible and Efficient Multiview Audio Transformer Framework Trained from Scratch arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.19368.
SHAO, WEICHUANG, LIAO, IMAN YI, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE BODE and CHANDESA, TISSA, 2025. DHAuDS: A Dynamic and Heterogeneous Audio Benchmark for Test-Time Adaptation arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.18421.
TEO, DESMOND KAI XIANG, MAUL, TOMAS and TAN, MICHELLE TIEN TIEN, 2025. Overcoming Small Dataset Issues for Predictive Modelling of Electrochemical Biosensor Data with Synthetic Data Generation Electrochimica Acta. 148022
HOO, KAI PING and MAUL, TOMAS, 2025. Enhancing Reinforcement Learning Performance and Stability through Adaptive Quantile Sampling, Elastic Weight Consolidation, and Multi-objective Regularization In: International Conference on Soft Computing and its Engineering Applications. 304-315
CAMARA, MATEUS KARVAT, POSTAL, ADRIANA, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE and PAETZOLD, GUSTAVO, 2024. Can lies be faked? Comparing low-stakes and high-stakes deception video datasets from a Machine Learning perspective Expert Systems with Applications. 249(12),
JOYOADIKUSUMO, ANANTO and MAUL, TOMAS, 2024. Vision-Based Deep Q-Learning on Simple Control Problems: Stabilization via Neurogenesis Regularization In: Advances in Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems. BICS 2023..
WAQAS, MUHAMMAD, AHMED, AMR, MAUL, TOMAS and LIAO, IMAN YI, 2024. Enhancing breast cancer histopathological image classification using attention-based high order covariance pooling Neural Computing and Applications. 1-19
VYAKARANAM, APARNA, MAUL, TOMAS and RAMAYAH, BAVANI, 2024. A review on speech emotion recognition for late deafened educators in online education International Journal of Speech Technology. 1-24
SANZANA, MIRZA RAYANA, ABDULRAZIC, MOSTAFA OSAMA MOSTAFA, WONG, JING YING, MAUL, TOMAS and YIP, CHUN-CHIEH, 2024. The potential of deep learning in dynamic maintenance scheduling for thermal energy storage chiller plants. In: Interpretable Machine Learning for the Analysis Design Assessment and Informed Decision Making for Civil Infrastructure Elsevier. 135-157
TEO, DESMOND KX, MAUL, TOMAS and TAN, MICHELLE TT, 2024. Method—An Investigation Into Post-Hoc Analysis Methods for Electrochemical Biosensor Data Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 171(2), 027525
CHEW, ZHI XIAN, WONG, JING YING, TANG, YU HOE, YIP, CHUN CHIEH and MAUL, TOMAS, 2024. Generative Design in the Built Environment Automation in Construction. 166, 105638
VYAKARANAM, APARNA, RAMAYAH, BAVANI and MAUL, TOMAS, 2024. Preliminary Study: Speech Emotion Recognition in Online Teaching From the Perspective of Educators Especially Late Deafened In: 2024 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Technology (ICoSEIT). 216-221
GELE, LIONG and MAUL, TOMAS, 2024. Redefining Activation Dynamics: An Empirical Comparison of Oscillating, Mixture, and Adaptive Activation Functions in Deep Reinforcement Learning In: 2024 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Sciences (AiDAS).
CHEN, QICHAO, LI, KUAN, CHEN, ZHIYUAN, MAUL, TOMAS and YIN, JIANPING, 2024. Exploring feature sparsity for out-of-distribution detection Scientific Reports. 14(1), 28444
TEO, DESMOND KAI XIANG, MAUL, TOMAS and TAN, MICHELLE TIEN TIEN, 2024. Synthetic Electrochemical Biosensor Data with Conditional Variational Autoencoders for Enhanced Predictive Modeling In: 2024 IEEE SENSORS. 1-4
HANG, RUAN, MAUL, TOMAS, CHEN, YIFAN, CHANDESA, TISSA, LIAO, IMAN YI and CHEN, ZHIYUAN, 2024. Exploring SSL Enhancements Through Triplet-Based Representation Learning In: 2024 IEEE 16th International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology (ICAIT). 319-323
CHUA, NICK SEN and MAUL, TOMAS, 2024. Antimatter Networks for Combating the Dying ReLU Problem. In: Machine Learning and Intelligent Systems IOS Press. 75-81
YAQUB, IRFAN, CHEN, ZHIYUAN, LIAO, IMAN YI, MAUL, TOMAS, SEOW, HSIN-VONN and CHANDESA, TISSA, 2024. A Novel Framework using Large Language Models to Automate Coursework Feedback for Computer Science modules In: Proceedings of the 2024 the 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers. 130-137
CHONG, CHIEN HWA, LOO, JASON YS, YAP, DARRELL JJ, CHAN, ZI JUN, ABUBAKAR, MUHAMMAD, SURESH, SHANAHAN AL, ELLEITHY, ALI WAEL MOHAMED ALI, GAN, WEI LIANG, TAN, WEI HAN, HONG, WAN THING and OTHERS, 2023. A deep learning method to predict outdoor temperature profile of pavement bricks with phase change materials Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 18(2), 1083-1112
JOYOADIKUSUMO, ANANTO and MAUL, TOMAS, 2023. Vision-Based Deep Q-Learning on Simple Control Problems: Stabilization via Neurogenesis Regularization In: International Conference on Brain-Inspired Cognitive Systems.
SANZANA, MIRZA RAYANA, ABDULRAZIC, MOSTAFA OSAMA MOSTAFA, WONG, JING YING, MAUL, TOMAS and YIP, CHUN-CHIEH, 2023. Effects of external weather on the water consumption of thermal-energy-storage air-conditioning system Energy Nexus. 10, 100187
SANZANA, MIRZA RAYANA, ABDULRAZIC, MOSTAFA OSAMA MOSTAFA, WONG, JING YING, MAUL, TOMAS and YIP, CHUN-CHIEH, 2023. Charging water load prediction for a thermal-energy-storage air-conditioner of a commercial building with a multilayer perceptron Journal of Building Engineering. 75, 107016
GOH, KAM MENG, LIM, LI LI, KRISHNAMOORTHY, SANTHI, LAI, WENG KIN, MAUL, TOMAS and CHAW, JUN KIT, 2023. Recent advancement of intelligent-systems in edible birds nest: A review from production to processing Multimedia Tools and Applications. 1-51
HUI, TAN SHI, XIANG, DESMOND TEO KAI, LOH, HWEI-SAN, MAUL, TOMAS and TAN, MICHELLE TT, 2023. Graphene/TiO 2 Nanocomposite based Electrochemical Biosensor Enhanced by Support Vector Machine Classification Model to Detect Different DENV Serotype IgG In: 2023 IEEE SENSORS. 1-4
CHEN, QICHAO, CHEN, ZHIYUAN, MAUL, TOMAS, LI, KUAN and YIN, JIANPING, 2023. Outlier Exposure with Focal Loss for Out-of-distribution Detection In: 2023 6th International Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Artificial Intelligence. 248-253
WAQAS, MUHAMMAD, MAUL, TOMAS, AHMED, AMR and LIAO, IMAN YI, 2023. Evaluation of Post-hoc Interpretability Methods in Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification In: International Conference on Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems. 95-104
LEE, KA SHING, CHEN, HUI LING, NG, YONG SIN, MAUL, TOMAS, GIBBINS, CHRIS, TING, KANG-NEE, AMER, MOHAMMED and CAMARA, MATEUS, 2022. U-Net skip-connection architectures for the automated counting of microplastics Neural Computing and Applications. 34(9), 7283-7297
SANZANA, MIRZA RAYANA, MAUL, TOMAS, WONG, JING YING, ABDULRAZIC, MOSTAFA OSAMA MOSTAFA and YIP, CHUN-CHIEH, 2022. Application of deep learning in facility management and maintenance for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning Automation in Construction. 141, 104445
SANZANA, MIRZA RAYANA, ABDULRAZIC, MOSTAFA OSAMA MOSTAFA, WONG, JING YING, MAUL, TOMAS and YIP, CHUN-CHIEH, 2022. Effects of external weather on the water consumption of thermal-energy-storage air-conditioning system Available at SSRN 4232763.
LIU, HAIXIA, BRAILSFORD, TIM, GOULDING, JAMES, MAUL, TOMAS, TAN, TAO and CHAUDHURI, DEBANJAN, 2022. Towards Idea Mining: Problem-Solution Phrase Extraction from Text In: Advanced Data Mining and Applications: 18th International Conference, ADMA 2022, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, November 28-30, 2022, Proceedings, Part II. 3-14
WAQAS, MUHAMMAD, MAUL, TOMAS, LIAO, IMAN YI and AHMED, AMR, 2022. Lightweight Deep Network for the Classification of Breast Cancer Histopathological Images In: 2022 15th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI). 1-6
CAMARA, MATEUS KARVAT, POSTAL, ADRIANA, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE and PAETZOLD, GUSTAVO, 2022. Can lies be faked? Comparing low-stakes and high-stakes deception video datasets from a Machine Learning perspective arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.13035.
SANZANA, MIRZA RAYANA, ABDULRAZIC, MOSTAFA OSAMA MOSTAFA, WONG, JING YING, MAUL, TOMAS and YIP, CHUN-CHIEH, 2022. Analysis of machine learning techniques for predictive maintenance in cooler condition In: 2022 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS). 1-4
ABDULRAZIC, MOSTAFA OSAMA MOSTAFA, SANZANA, MIRZA RAYANA, NG, KHER HUI, MAUL, TOMAS and WONG, JING YING, 2022. Maker Education for Cultural Awareness With a Serious 3D Game Authoring Tool: Design Considerations Available at SSRN 4196883.
CHEN, ZHIYUAN, ELSAID, SALMA, SIM, DOREEN YING YING, MAUL, TOMAS and LIAO, IMAN YI, 2022. Detection of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFBS) with Computer Vision Models In: 2022 International Conference on Mechanical, Automation and Electrical Engineering (CMAEE). 86-91
KANG, CHEN WEN, HONG, CHUA MENG and MAUL, TOMAS, 2021. Towards data-free gating of heterogeneous pre-trained neural networks Applied Intelligence. 1-12 SENG, GOH HOWE, MAUL, TOMAS and KAPADNIS, MANAV NITIN, 2021. Compositional Committees of Tiny Networks In: International Conference on Neural Information Processing. 389-396
WANI, DUHITA and MAUL, TOMAS, 2021. Image Super-Resolution for Arthropod Identification In: 2021 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE 2021). 317-324
LAI, WENG KIN, MAUL, TOMAS, LIAO, IMAN YI and GOH, KAM MENG, 2021. Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision-A Match Made in Heaven? The Journal of The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia. 82(1),
BABAEI, KASRA, CHEN, ZHIYUAN and MAUL, TOMAS, 2020. A Study of Fraud Types, Challenges and Detection Approaches in Telecommunication Journal of Information Systems and Telecommunication (JIST). 4(28), 248
AMER, MOHAMMED and MAUL, TOMÁS, 2020. Path capsule networks Neural Processing Letters. 52, 545-559
SAN WONG, WENG, AMER, MOHAMMED, MAUL, TOMAS, LIAO, IMAN YI and AHMED, AMR, 2020. Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks for Data Augmentation in Breast Cancer Classification In: International Conference on Soft Computing and Data Mining. 392-402
AMER, MOHAMMED and MAUL, TOMÁS, 2019. A review of modularization techniques in artificial neural networks Artificial Intelligence Review. 52(1), 527-561
GOH, KAM MENG, SHEIKH, USMAN ULLAH and MAUL, TOMÁS H, 2019. Recognizing hidden emotions from difference image using mean local mapped pattern Multimedia Tools and Applications. 78(15), 21485-21520
GHAFFAR, MAA, MCKINSTRY, A, MAUL, T and VU, TT, 2019. DATA AUGMENTATION APPROACHES FOR SATELLITE IMAGE SUPER-RESOLUTION. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences. 4,
WICKRAMASINGHE, DC, VU, TT and MAUL, T, 2018. Satellite remote-sensing monitoring of a railway construction project International Journal of Remote Sensing. 39(6), 1754-1769 PHAN, KIEN TUONG, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE, VU, TUONG THUY and LAI, WENG KIN, 2018. Dropcircuit: a modular regularizer for parallel circuit networks Neural Processing Letters. 47(3), 841-858
PHAN, KIEN TUONG, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE and VU, TUONG THUY, 2017. An empirical study on improving the speed and generalization of neural networks using a parallel circuit approach International Journal of Parallel Programming. 45(4), 780-796 GHAFFAR, MAA, VU, TT and MAUL, TH, 2017. MULTI-MODAL REMOTE SENSING DATA FUSION FRAMEWORK. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences. 42, TURCSANY, DIANA, BARGIELA, ANDRZEJ and MAUL, TOMAS, 2016. Local receptive field constrained deep networks INFORMATION SCIENCES. 349, 229-247 GHAFFAR, MAA, VU, TT and MAUL, T, 2016. An Integrated Cloud-Based Framework for Remote Sensing Data Processing. International Journal of Geoinformatics. 12(2),
RAJESWARI RAJU, TOMAS MAUL and ANDRZEJ BARGIELA, 2015. New image processing pipelines for membrane detection Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers. 3(1), 15-23 KIEN TUONG PHAN, MAUL, TOMAS HENRIQUE and TUONG THUY VU, 2015. A Parallel Circuit Approach for Improving the Speed and Generalization Properties of Neural Networks 2015 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL COMPUTATION (ICNC). 1-7 RAJU, R., MAUL, T. and BARGIELA, A., 2014. Enhance it before you lose it In: 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Image Processing. WENG KIN LAI, LI LI LIM and TOMAS H. MAUL, 2014. Illumination Analysis of Inactive Indoor Scenes with the Discrete Fourier Transform of Structural Distortions International Journal of Signal Processing Systems. 2(1), 12-16 MAUL, T., BARGIELA, A., YAN, Y., GAO, N. and FOSS, A., 2013. Simulation Modelling Study of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Coatings for Retinal Implants Journal of Bionic Engineering. 10(1), 65–76 KIEN, T.T., MAUL, T., REN, L.J. and BARGIELA, A., 2012. Outer Plexiform Layer Receptive Fields As Underlying Factors Of The Hermann Grid Illusion. In: IECBES-2012, IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences.
MAUL T, BARGIELA A and REN L.J., 2011. Cybernetics of Vision Systems: Towards an Understanding of Putative Functions of the Outer Retina IEEE Transactions on Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans. 41(3), 398-409 TAN, S.S, MAUL, T.H and MENNIE, N.R. & MITCHELL, 2010. P. Swiping with Luminophonics In: IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems. MAUL, T.H. & BABA, S., 2009. Neural Clustering of Correspondences for Visual Pose Estimation In: 23rd European Conference on Modelling and Simulation, Madrid. (In Press.)
SAMUDIN N, MOHD ISA W.N and MAUL T.H. & LAI W.K., 2009. Analysis of Gait Features between Loaded and Normal Gait In: The 5th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems. (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H., 2008. Artificial Intelligence in Industry: an Example from the Centre for Advanced Informatics, MIMOS Bhd. At: Artificial Intelligence Society of the University Technology MARA, Malaysia (In Press.)
AL-DEEN, A.A.B & MAUL, T.H., 2008. Scale Adaptive Local Illumination Normalization In: 5th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology. (In Press.)
AL-DEEN, A.B, LOY, C.C, KADIM, Z, LAI, W.K, MAUL, T.H, LIANG, K.M and TAN, C.P., 2008. Method to Detect Abnormal Events for Wide View Video Images Patent Registration Office, Malaysia 01/01/1900 00:00:00 (In Press.)
LAI, W.K, MAUL, T.H and LOY, C.C. & LEE, Y.Y., 2008. Informatics in Agricultural Planning, Management and Production Oil Palm Bulletin. 57, 17-26 (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H., 2008. Adaptive Scale Local Illumination Normalization for Image Correction Patent Registration Office, Malaysia 01/01/1900 00:00:00 (In Press.)
LAI, W.K, MAUL, T.H and LOY, C.C. & LEE, Y.Y., 2007. Informatics in Agriculture: Issues and Opportunities In: MPOB International Palm Oil Congress (PIPOC 2007), Kuala Lumpur. 324—340 (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H., 2007. Computational Neuroscience and Medicine At: Medical Faculty, University Malaya, Malaysia. (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H. & NG, C.E., 2007. A Comparison of Two Background Estimation Approaches In: MIMOS R&D Symposium, Kuala Lumpur. (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H and BABA, S. & YUSOF, A., 2007. Structural Optimization of Second Order Neural Networks for Pose Estima-tion In: International Conference on Robotics, Vision, Information and Signal Processing, Penang. (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H., 2007. A Multiple Object Symmetry Axis Extractor Patent Registration Office, Malaysia 01/01/1900 00:00:00 (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H., 2007. An Automated Cot Surveillance System Patent Registration Office, Malaysia 01/01/1900 00:00:00 (In Press.)
LAI, W.K. & MAUL, T.H., 2007. System and Method for Authenticating Image Liveness Patent Registration 01/01/1900 00:00:00 (In Press.)
MAUL, T.H., 2006. Conjunctions in Biological Neural Architectures for Visual Pose Estimation. At: Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology,University Malaya,Malaysia (In Press.)
MAUL, T, BABA, S and AND YUSOF, A., 2005. Dynamic Inputs and Attraction Force Analysis for Visual Invariance and Transformation Estimation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS 3610) In: Advances in Natural Computation, 1st International Conference, ICNC 2005,Springer.. 893 – 902 (In Press.)